MMA rules
Which techniques are illegal in MMA?
Under the ABC's 2025 professional rules, headbutts, eye gouging, biting and groin attacks are fouls. Kicking or kneeing a grounded opponent in the head is also a foul. Other limits depend on the target, the fighter's position and the rules adopted for that event.
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The cage changes the example
A fighter may press an open hand against the fence. Hooking fingers or toes into the mesh and gripping it to control position is different. If a training partner hooks the fence during a drill, reset and ask the coach to show a legal alternative.
Read the grounded-fighter definition
For professional bouts in New York, the commission's November 2024 change defines a grounded fighter by contact with the canvas from a body part other than the hands or feet. A knee on the mat qualifies. Hands and feet alone do not. New York also removed the downward elbow angle as a standalone foul. Illegal targets, including the back of the head, still apply.
Why a pro clip can mislead a beginner
IMMAF's 2026 adult summary prohibits elbows and forearm strikes, knees to the head and heel hooks. Local amateur and youth rules can differ again. Ask for the prohibited-technique list for your age group and event. A technique permitted on a card still needs the coach's agreement and a partner's consent in training.